Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Extinction: A. In evolution theory, extinction is the process by which a species or other taxonomic group ceases to exist. It is a natural part of the evolutionary process, and has occurred to many species throughout Earth's history. - B. In psychology, extinction is a process by which a learned behavior is weakened or eliminated by no longer reinforcing it._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Extinction - Dictionary of Arguments
Slater I 28 Extinction/stimuli/conditi0oning/psychological theories: Extinction refers to the notion that if a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus then the strength of the conditioned response will diminish over time until the conditioned stimulus no longer evokes the conditioned response. >Stimuli. Although conditioned responding does seem to decline after several presentations of the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus, several interesting findings suggest that the association between the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus lives on. Field (2006a)(1) articulates three conditions under which this phenomenon occurs: (1) the renewal effect (2) the phenomenon of reinstatement Slater I 29 (3) The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery in which extinguished conditioned responses occur simply following the passage of time. These new findings, along with Bouton’s (2002)(2) critical analysis of extinction as a process that involves acquisition of new “learning” that is stored with and qualifies the previously learned information, suggest that extinction is not as simple or straightforward as Watson and Rayner first thought. >Experiment/Watson, >Conditioning/Watson. 1. Field, A. P. (2006a). Is conditioning a useful framework for understanding the development and treatment of phobias? Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 857–875. 2. Bouton, M. E., (2002). Context, ambiguity, and unlearning: Sources of relapse after behavioral extinction. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 976–986. Thomas H. Ollendick, Thomas M. Sherman, Peter Muris, and Neville J. King, “Conditioned Emotional Reactions. Beyond Watson and Rayner’s Little Albert”, in: Alan M. Slater and Paul C. Quinn (eds.) 2012. Developmental Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies. London: Sage Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Slater I Alan M. Slater Paul C. Quinn Developmental Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies London 2012 |
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